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01 december 2025, 21:10 мск

The largest sunspot complex this year has formed on the Sun.

Sunspot complex 4296, 4294, and 4298
Sunspot complex 4296, 4294, and 4298

The southern sunspot group, which approached Earth two days ago (https://t.me/lpixras/1869), has reached its largest size this year. The total area of the complex, measured early in the day, is 1,600 units, which is currently about 60% of the size of the largest sunspot groups of the 21st century (approximately 2,800 units), but already a third larger than the previous annual record of 1,200 units, achieved in May 2025 (region no. 4079).

The faint-hearted NOAA astronomers responsible for assigning sunspot group numbers, apparently fighting panic within their ranks, attempted to soften the shock today and divided the complex into three sunspot groups. The complex's total area was divided in the catalog between three numbers: 4296 (left spots), 4294 (central spots), and 4298 (right spots). As a result, the central group, 4294, lost a significant portion of its designated area, dropping to 1,100 items in the catalog and now formally ranks only second for the year. However, few doubt that it will regain its lost ground tomorrow, although perhaps the battle is not over yet, and NOAA already has a new pair of numbers prepared for a counterattack. However, all these actions do not affect the objective overall size of the group.

The greatest mystery of the last two days is the silence of this group, which in its degree of incomprehensibility has already rivaled the equally fundamental problem of the silence of the Universe. Sunspot group 4274 (now numbered 4299) currently located in the Sun's north produced a new X-ray flare today, officially measuring only 100 (!) units. During its previous passage past Earth, it produced five X-ray flares, measuring 1100 units. The largest sunspot complex of the year, forming in the north, with an area of 1600 units, has produced only one weak C-ray flare over the past day. It's unclear how the energy accumulated here, which must be enormous given its size, is being expended. There are essentially two options. Either they're seriously planning to make history and are accumulating energy for a superexplosion, or, we don't even know... there are great and kind people, so let's assume a large and kind sunspot has formed on the Sun. Let's believe the second option and send some rays of goodness back.

 

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Laboratory of Solar Astronomy,SRI RAS

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